Chemical testing kills millions of animals and is a poor way to predict human health effects. In the September issue of Toxicology in Vitro, PCRM toxicologists call for 21st-century methods to replace and reduce the use of animals. PCRM scientists reviewed the Safe Chemicals Act and the Toxic Chemical Safety Act, recent legislative proposals intended to strengthen chemical regulation and require that more chemicals be tested for safety. The authors analyzed the impact SCA and TCSA would have on animal use and test-method innovation