Child Mortality, also known as under-5 mortality, what it really mean is children or infant who died under the age of five, and it happened around the world. In 1990 there were 12.7 million children who died under the age of five, but now, there was only about 6.3 million child died under the age of five, which is a good sign of decrease child mortality. Child mortality is actually cost by acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, measles, malaria and malnutrition. It happened mostly in low-income countries, because the parent can't afford the babies. Reduction of child mortality is the fourth of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. The solutions that can reduce child mortality are:

1. Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding

2. Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth, and postnatal care

3. Access to nutrition and micronutrients

4. Family knowledge of danger signs in a child’s health

5. Water, sanitation, and hygiene

6. Immunisations.

During the past decades, China had made a lot of program, trying to reduce child mortality and maternal. China had use over a trillion dollars for the national health expenditure at 2012, there was a great improvement on the effective interventions, including, antenatal care, hospital delivery, neonatal visits, and management of pregnant women and children younger than 3 years. In 199, the rate of hospital bath in China was only about 50-6%, but 20 year later, it rise to 99-2%.

The Chinese Government has launched the reform of the medical and health system in 2009, gradually established the basic medical care system covering both rural and urban residents. Up to now, the basic medical insurance system has covered more than 13 billion individuals.

In 2012, obstetric haemorrhage is still the main cause of maternal mortality irrespective ofurban or rural area, the 25% of maternal deaths are all cause by it. The main cause of children die under 5 is were preterm birth, low birthweight, and birth asphyxia.

In June 2013, China National Health and Family Planning Commission had released a table with data of 2012 from the National Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System. The data is showed that the child mortality and maternal's rate are all decreasing, which means they had achieved MDG4.