I Am A Planet Kid Environmental Org. 0

Cease PennDOT’s Clearcut - REPLANT WITH THE GRANT

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This Petition is a compilation of Pennsylvanians voices and educators to CEASE Clear Cutting PA . and replant.

PennDOT has resumed clear cutting our highways. It is purported there is a Federal Grant PennDOTT received to create highway safety.

The people signing this petition believe there are greater risk costs to the tree removal. It is suggested the Federal Grant be used to replant for serious windbreak issues the clear cut has created, and flooding, and reduce heat index on our highways.

All the above are critical and serious issues in a world facing increasing climate change crisis.

It is unconscionable to move forward otherwise. We are a world working toward climate change awareness and best practices. Our NOAA www.toolbox.climate.gov and www.climate.gov. are actively working to engage our country in best practices.

Secretary Leslie Richards, If you have a Federal Government Grant, then it is wiser to REPLANT WITH THE GRANT. Heed the words of our government's climate education and other states employing best practices on highways that create lush, climate conscious environmentally sound practices. This is the voice of reason. THIS is the voice of Pennsylvanians. All the sound data and studies are below.

PENNDOT, you have not employed best practices for a resilient and sustainable future, This worst practices create an environmental climate cost. You are backpedaling and working in the reverse of our own government's NOAA www.climate.gov and www.toolboxclimate.gov.

https://www.penndot.gov/about-us/DepartmentExecuti...

The solutions section addresses replanting of pollinators and pollinator protector conifer trees.

The petition is a platform for Pennsylvanians to express their comments and grave concerns of deforestation and Clear Cutting miles of I-79. It is also a platform for replanting solutions. This petition will be delivered to Governor Tom Wolf and Leslie Richards, Pennsylvania Secretary Dept. of Transportation, PENNDOT, to ask for a halt to the clear cutting practice on our Pennsylvania Highways by Pennsylvania’s Department of Transportation. We address copious studies and links within the platform section below. It ends with pollinator planting solutions and conifer planting solutions by Lauren Crawford and Diane Esser, www.iamaplanetkid.org.

Also, compared to the statistics of cars hitting trees, we ask if there is data on how many crashes were on our I-90 and I-79 highways during snowstorms that involve more than a car careening into a tree, but snow and ice covered roads that cause multiple fatalities.
Trees create windbreaks that are critical in this motorist safety consideration. Tree windbreaks are a solid reason why the clear cutting should cease immediately. We address that grave issue in this petition also.

The petition is organized by www.iamaplanetkid.org with the concerns of children's and families health compromised by the removal of even one tree that puts a carbon mitigator out of business and giving 100% of motorists the toxins to mitigate and address multiple safety issues.

COMMUNITY FEELINGS OF FLAWS IN ASSESSMENT: If PennDOT's assessment study was that cars have hit trees, and this is a safety precaution, we address a solution of guardrails, and serious environmental concerns not assessed. It cannot be dismissed that one gallon of burned gasoline gives us 20# of CO2 to breath, and that highways are our most toxic corridors. Particulate matters are a serious toxin issue on our highways. This petition addresses an environmental risk assessment be done for environmental impact. Support studies below.

MEDIA SUPPORT: Concerned media, WICU and WJET and Erie Times News have vigilantly covered this issue. All stories can be located on their media feeds. We will be adding more.

Erie Times News article Sunday Oct, 21, by Matthew Rink - Cover Story: http://goerie.com/news/20181022/petition-started-t...

SERIOUS CONCERN OF PENNDOT’s RISK ASSESMENT: There was no clear answer if accidents in the 5 year study on I-90 and I-79 were on that particular 10 mile section of I-79. Within petition comments you will see massive requests to add guardrails for safety, and keep Pennsylvanians environment in tact.

HOT TOPIC: Hot topic is climate issues throughout the world. PennDOT's clear cutting action appears nonsensical to studies that address high toxins on our highways, the toxins that are culprits to climate issues. Again, this is a concern for policy change for the fact PennDOT did not weigh the seriousness of the environmental climate

CLIMATE IMPACT: Extreme weather events and massive destruction are constants in our news. Our CO2 levels have affected our climate resulting in extreme climate events. The extreme event here was the clear cutting destroying our carbon mitigators. This act contributes to a serious rise in our heat index which is over 30% temperature on a 90 degree day subjected to 120 degree temperatures on deforested highways.

BLINDING SUN and SNOW STORMS: Motorists have expressed valid concerns about blinding sun at sunset, and removing wind buffering during our serious snow storms that create white outs.

POLICY CHANGE: For whatever percentage was derived by your assessment PennDOT, you did not factor in the aforementioned 100% risk to ALL drivers. So if these serious issues were not included in risk assessment, then policy change would be prudent.

SAFETY REMOVAL and TRUCKER CONCERN: For PennDOT’s reasons of safety “that a driver can hit a tree and die” it can be countered that said car can careen across the median and hit a truck in a snowstorm that would cause a chain reaction of fatalities. Truckers are concerned over their safety because of the tree wind buffer removed. As a environmental community there are additional grave concerns listed below:

TAXPAYER CONCERNS OVER 30ft FEDERAL ALLOWANCE: Additional concerns include PENDOT over reached the Federal 30 foot guidelines, clearcutting up to a distance of up to 50 feet.

STUDIES AND DATA : Studies, data and education from across the country.--

HIGHWAY TREE WINDBREAKS FOR SNOW MANAGEMENT: Information taken from: University of Nebraska - Lincoln / Study on Tree Windbreaks for Snow Management on Highways.

James R. Brandle

University of Nebraska - Lincoln, jbrandle1@unl.edu H. Doak Nickerson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, hnickerson1@unl.edu

Living Snow Fences
In those situations where the goal of snow management is to confine the snow to a lirnited area, a dense windbreak of trees and shrubs can be a cost-effective method of controlling blowing snow. Living snow fences planted along highways, county roads and fence lines provide economic advantages over slat-fence barriers and provide additional benefits. Living snow fences have greater snow storage capacity, require less maintenance once they are established, have a longer life span, and multiple benefits such as , wildlife habitat, and aesthetic value.

CAR CRASHES REDUCED: Three studies in the last few decades have demonstrated how planting trees along urban streets and highways REDUCES the rate of car crashes.

A 2006 study found that “greening” the highways at 10 sites across Texas reduced car crashes at those sites by an average of 46%.

An earlier German study, in 1990, found lining urban streets with trees and other greenery cut the overall crash rate by 30%, the number of accidents with injuries by 60%, and the number of accidents involving street-crossing pedestrians by 80%.

A 2003 study in Toronto, Canada found adding trees and planters to urban streets reduced crashes up to 20% over a 3-year period, even while crashes in general were on the rise in the city.

“Commuting can be one of the most stressful experiences of urban life,” write researchers from the University of Wahsington, who analyzed the studies in a paper called Safe Streets.

“Drivers seeing natural roadside views show lower levels of stress and frustration compared to those viewing all-built settings.”

The researchers recommend incorporating more vegetation into roadside landscaping to ease driving stress, pointing out that multiple studies confirm the restorative effects of simply viewing nature in urban settings.

In simulated driving study, researchers presented drivers with a stress-causing stimulus and measured their recovery. Those viewing built-up, strip-mall-style roadside environments showed a slower and physiologically incomplete recovery. Participants viewing more natural roadside scenes (forests or golf courses) returned to baseline faster.

The anger and frustration often associated with stressful experiences may trigger unsafe or aggressive driving, the Washington University researchers add, pointing to another study that measured college-age drivers’ emotional responses to stressful driving scenarios on videos of both natural and urban streetscapes. The results indicated green roadsides may be a preventive factor in road rage behaviors.

RELATED: The More Trees We’re Surrounded By, The Lower Our Stress Levels

Additional Studies on the importance of our trees in our communities and highways, and the hazards of deforestation practices. This clear cut is an act of deforestation, which goes against the growing need for urban forestry and green infrastructure sustainability practices:

http://www.greeninfrastructurenw.co.uk/resources/NW_England_GRaBS_flier.pdf

There was no consideration in the assessment for heat island affects:

U.S. EPA gov. Study: Green infrastructure to reduce heat island effect.

https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/reduce-urban-heat-island-effect

Tree removal works against climate issues. In the future PennDOT should include in safety assessments the negative impacts of removal of green infrastructure benefits to 100% of the community. Clear cutting practice should cease.

http://www.ncforestservice.gov/Urban/pdf/Climate_PTRC.pdf

Studies on Trees CO2 mitigation and heat island and noise reduction.

North Carolina https://projects.ncsu.edu/project/treesofstrength/benefits.htm

  • Trees absorb and block noise and reduce glare. A well placed tree can reduce noise by as much as 40 percent.
  • Trees help settle out and trap dust, pollen and smoke from the air. The dust level in the air can be as much as 75 percent lower on the sheltered side of the tree compared to the windward side.
  • Trees create an ecosystem to provide habitat and food for birds and other animals.
  • Trees absorb carbon dioxide and potentially harmful gasses, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, from the air and release oxygen.
    • One large tree can supply a day's supply of oxygen for four people.
    • A healthy tree can store 13 pounds of carbon each year ----for an acre of trees that equals to 2.6 tons of carbon dioxide.
    • Each gallon of gasoline burned produces almost 20 pounds of carbon dioxide.
    • For every 10,000 miles you drive, it takes 7 trees to remove the amount of carbon dioxide produce if your car gets 40 miles per gallon (mpg); it will take 10 trees at 30 mpg; 15 trees at 20 mpg; 20 trees at 15 mpg; and 25 trees at 12 mpg)
  • Trees help reduce surface water runoff from storms, thus decreasing soil erosion and the accumulation of sediments in streams. They increase ground water recharge and reduce the number of potentially harmful chemicals transported to our streams.
  • An acre of trees absorb enough carbon dioxide in a year to equal the amount produced when you drive a car 26,000 miles.
  • Trees cool the air, land and water with shade and moisture thus reduce the heat-island effect of our urban communities. The temperature in urban areas is often 9 degrees warmer than in areas with heavy tree cover.
  • Trees can help offset the buildup of carbon dioxide in the air and reduce the " greenhouse effect."
  • Trees create microclimates suitable for growing shade loving plants.
  • The American Forestry Association estimates that 100 million new trees would absorb 18 million tons of carbon dioxide and cut US air conditioning costs by $4 billion annually.
  • Dews and frosts are less under tree because less radiant heat is lost at night.

The impacts of DEFORESTATION:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/?user.testname=photogallery:c

INVENTORY of FALLEN TREES: There is a Right to Know being filed to find the inventory number of trees removed to assess the amount of OXYGEN negated from from our region. We know that one native tree will mitigate (eat up) 48# of CO2. One tree produces 260 pounds of oxygen each year. We can calculate this for our particular clear cutting EVENT once we know the inventory of trees removed. (credit: www.growingairfoundation.org)



PennDOT’s project engineers Brian McNulty and Tom McClelland:


Thomas J. McClelland, P.E., PTOE | Design Services Engineer

Department of Transportation | Engineering District 1-0

255 Elm Street | Oil City PA 16301

Phone: 814.678.7081 | Fax: 814.678.7030

And:

Brian A. McNulty, P.E. | Assistant District Executive - Design

PA Department of Transportation | Engineering District 1-0

255 Elm Street, P.O. Box 398 | Oil City, PA 16301

Phone: 814.678.7130 | Fax: 814.678.7030

www.penndot.gov

NEWS COVERAGE:
The actions of PennDOT’s clear cutting on the I-79 corridor is making adverse news in our community, and continues to gain attention for the cost amount to the taxpayer which includes environmental costs that were not considered in their project assessment.

SUNDAY ERIE TIMES NEWS:

Issue: on PennDott removing 2 miles of trees on I-79.

https://www.yourerie.com/news/local-news/i-79-betw...

SUPPORTING STUDIES BELOW:

ADDITIONAL EPA STUDIES: Importance of tree buffers on our highways.

https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/DataFactSh...

Most importantly this action appears to be in direction contradiction to studies done on our green infrastructure critical to our health.

https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fus...

To continue to elaborate on the most serious concerns for Pennsylvanians health from the removal of trees along highways, is adverse effects of ozone, nitrogen deposition, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, and there certainly has been the large issue of climate change addressed by Cindy Adams Dunn at the PAEE Conference in March 2018 Penn State University. Our forest resources are critical in all of the United States, where we continue to loose forests due to extreme weather events.

United States TREE BUFFERED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS: There ARE states,( i.e.North Carolina ) that are completely buffered highway systems. The larger picture we are part of an entire eco system of this country.

REQUEST FOR HALT AND ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENT: As an environmental educator, and founder of the Plant it Forward Community Tree Planting Initiative, I feel there needs to be a cease of further clear cutting along Pennsylvania highways until there is a report focused on identifying, and prioritizing the role of environmental stresses, climate change, and the impact of our Pennsylvania forest systems, that, I feel, need to carry more weight.


OUTREACH REQUEST: to Environmental Orgs, and our DCNR State Departmet of Conservation and Natural Resources to help identify and stop the further removal of trees along our highways. OUR DCNR has been scrambling to increase our forest canopy, and addressing green infrastructure, and acknowledging climate change issues.

Attached: Cindy Adams Dunn at the Pennsylvania Assoc. Of Environmental Conference March 2018 addresses her efforts in addressing climate and Pennsylvania's progress in reducing its' carbon footprint.

——

ADDITIONAL STUDY INFORMATION contributed by Wendy Moyer Kedzierski, Meadville, Pennsylvania

---Three studies in the last few decades have demonstrated how planting trees along urban streets and highways reduces the rate of car crashes.

A 2006 study found that “greening” the highways at 10 sites across Texas reduced car crashes at those sites by an average of 46%.

An earlier German study, in 1990, found lining urban streets with trees and other greenery cut the overall crash rate by 30%, the number of accidents with injuries by 60%, and the number of accidents involving street-crossing pedestrians by 80%.

A 2003 study in Toronto, Canada found adding trees and planters to urban streets reduced crashes up to 20% over a 3-year period, even while crashes in general were on the rise in the city.

“Commuting can be one of the most stressful experiences of urban life,” write researchers from the University of Wahsington, who analyzed the studies in a paper called Safe Streets.

“Drivers seeing natural roadside views show lower levels of stress and frustration compared to those viewing all-built settings.”

The researchers recommend incorporating more vegetation into roadside landscaping to ease driving stress, pointing out that multiple studies confirm the restorative effects of simply viewing nature in urban settings.

In simulated driving study, researchers presented drivers with a stress-causing stimulus and measured their recovery. Those viewing built-up, strip-mall-style roadside environments showed a slower and physiologically incomplete recovery. Participants viewing more natural roadside scenes (forests or golf courses) returned to baseline faster.

The anger and frustration often associated with stressful experiences may trigger unsafe or aggressive driving, the Washington University researchers add, pointing to another study that measured college-age drivers’ emotional responses to stressful driving scenarios on videos of both natural and urban streetscapes. The results indicated green roadsides may be a preventive factor in road rage behaviors.

RELATED: The More Trees We’re Surrounded By, The Lower Our Stress Levels


SOLUTION CONCLUSION: Lauren Crawford & Diane Esser www.iamaplanetkid.org

Sent: Tuesday, October 9, 2018 10:04:54 AM

To: Foringer, James A; Fry, Douglas A; Brannon, Kenneth
Cc: Harry, Jillian; kr@pollinator.org; hortpath@ernstseed.com; elaquatra@wjettv.com; jlast@wicu12.com; acarivea@umn.edu; ebeck@visiterie.com; eriecons@erieconservation.com; valerie.myers@timesnews.com; lsestak@environmenterie.org; iriscald@uic.edu; ktuerk@monarchjointventure.org
Subject: I79 ROW McKean to Kearsarge

Hello Region 1 PennDOT Team-

The removal of trees in the right-of-way on I-79, in Erie County, has drawn much attention in the last weeks. A wildlife area, including hundreds of trees, has been removed and garnered significant negative public attention. It is my intention to recommend a solution that will create critical pollinator habitat without encouraging woody growth, reduce maintenance costs, and attract wide public approval.

Bees, birds, bats and butterflies are essential to healthy ecosystems and are vital partners in American agriculture. Pollinators are suffering drastic population decline, due in part to loss of habitat. Our corner of Pennsylvania is a high production region for monarch butterflies, which are currently being evaluated for listing as an endangered species. Across the country, highway rights-of-way managed by State Departments of Transportation represent about 17 million acres where significant economic and conservation benefits can be achieved through integrated vegetation management practices. We have an environmental responsibility to use this important right-of-way to contribute to the global effort for pollinator protection.

I spoke with members of your team, and it sounds as if there is no plan for seeding this area. Neglecting the reseeding stage of the removal will lead to regrowth of woody plants, spread of invasive species, and will certainly increase maintenance costs. Implementing integrated vegetation management (IVM), inclusive of planting for pollinators and reduced mowing, has been proven to reduce maintenance costs by 20-25%. Our neighbors to the west, in Ohio, have done just that, projecting savings, improved safety for workers and drivers, and significant improvement in their monarch butterfly population. This is a plan that can work for our region, and provide savings! Technical guides to assist your team have been published by both the Pollinator Partnership, as well as the Federal Highway Administration – both documents are linked under resources. The North American Pollinator Protection Campaign annually presents an award to recognize transportation agencies who are leading the field in pollinator-friendly roadside practices. Imagine our region being recognized!

People live and work in the Erie region because of its natural beauty. Driving past this section of I-79 every day, and seeing the trees being chipped away to nothing one quarter mile at time, is weighing heavily on the hearts of the public. By replacing one wildlife area, with another – a different kind of habitat, one that isn’t a hazard to drivers, and arguably is even more important for the environment - will heal the pain and help us all sleep a little better at night. This is an issue that the public feels passionately about, and it represents an auspicious opportunity for your team to redirect that fire into support and approval. Should you need documentation of public support for the reuse of the median as a pollinator habitat, I would be happy to work with local groups to deliver a petition that meets your requirements. I am very interested in ensuring this opportunity is evaluated - please reach out to me with any questions, concerns or feedback.

I heard you voice your appreciation for nature during recent news coverage. During your commute from your home in Pittsburgh, up through your district, imagine fields of wildflowers in the median, knowing that your department took up the challenge to be circumspect in repairing the median to protect against invasive species, contribute to population growth for pollinators, increase productivity in local agriculture, reduce maintenance costs, increase your teams safety on the job, and beautify the roadway for the enjoyment of residents and visitors.

Pollinator Advocate.

Lauren Crawford

Albion, PA

Supporting Resources:

Professional Resources (on copy):

  • Kelly Rourke, of the Pollinator Partnership
  • Mark Fiely, Horticulturalist at Ernst Seeds in Meadville, PA
Alison Carivea & Karen Tuerk – Monarch Joint Venture
  • Their team is in development of a GIS Prioritization Model, and Habitat Assessment Protocols for analyzing areas for pollinator habitat. If only a portion of the right-of-way is eligible for pollinator seeding, their Habitat Calculator could identify the best segments.

Additional studies: POLLINATORS AND CONIFERS FOR HIGHWAYS

Conifers acting with pollinators

https://www.extension.iastate.edu/linn/news/shrubs-and-trees-bees-planting-pollinators#.W9ROpeJNaFQ.email

Short video on density of pollination in created by conifer population

https://youtu.be/cAOyb1Z2drA

Final Study addressing Highway Safety and Environmentalists.

HIGHWAY SAFETY STUDY addresssing tree planting and environmental issues:

Author:
Bradley J. Winkelbauer, E.I.T. Civil Engineering
University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Bradley-Winkelbauer-The_Killer_Tree_Problem copy.pdf

Taken from study re: solutions by Bradley Winkelbauer

Potential Solutions

In order to bring road safety and environmentalists’ concerns to the same level, a few concepts can be used. Initially, not all trees may need to be removed or relocated, as high-risk locations should be treated first, such as near curves along roads with speeds of 30 mph or greater. Streets can still remain aesthetic and livable with trees located outside the clear zone. Planting guidelines must be put into place and require minimum lateral distances to edge of traveled way for tree placement based on the posted speed limit of the roadway. Initial placement criteria may be based on the 10 ft and 30 ft suggested clear zones for low and high speed roads, respectively.

The concept of layering trees can also prove beneficial and allow trees in regions to enhance aesthetics. Layering involves placing small shrubs and bushes closer to the road, with small diameter, less injurious, mature trees placed farther behind the shrubs. Larger trees can be used when located farther outside the clear zone. By placing differing levels of foliage before the large trees, some limited energy can be dissipated before the vehicle reaches the most harmful object with additional lateral space for errant vehicles to recover. Layering may be the most important in urban roadway medians, such as in Figure 3, where small diameter trees are placed within the clear zone. When considering layering and tree sizes, it is important to remember that trees expand in size over time. It has been suggested to limit roadside and median trees to 4 in. diameter or less to reduce crash severity. However, it is important to note that a 4-in. diameter tree may grow into a 10-in. diameter tree in 10 to 15 years. Layering with small diameter trees would still allow the foliage to be in place along the roadside, but it would reduce the risk of killer trees due to an increased lateral offset to the traveled way combined with a small diameter, mature trunk.

Figure 3 Layering Concept in a Median (Lincoln, Nebraska)

Design Responsibility and Tort Risk

In order to ensure that tree safety measures, such as the clear zone and layering, are considered during roadway design or as part of safety improvements, greater personal responsibility should be assigned to those charged with completing the overall roadway design or street plan. The lead project or design engineer and their employer should hold a major responsibility for the roadside design, including tree placement, due to their professional stamping of the project plans. Due to this fact, the project or design engineer would be more likely to consider tree risks for fear of litigation if a needless death were to occur. Likewise, more responsibility should be given to the road authority that developed and/or implemented the tree placement plan. By placing direct liability on these two groups, more collaboration would take place and the safest option for the motoring public would likely be chosen.

CONCLUSION

Street trees, as they are currently being used, are dangerous and expensive to maintain. A decision to move trees farther away from the traveled way can save lives in the long term. By removing trees from within the clear zone and/or relocating trees beyond the clear zone, both roadway designers and environmentalists could be satisfied. Layering, when the median is wide enough, can also provide a safe approach and keep large trees outside of the clear zone. Efficiency and safety of roadways needs to become the focal point of roadside design. The epidemic level of roadside tree fatalities is a growing concern, yet with collaboration between competing arguments, less people will die as a result of vehicle- tree collisions. Collaboration will follow when greater responsibility and liability is doled out to the

roadway engineer, environmentalist, and road authority. In this case, the safest design option will be chosen and less needless deaths will occur.

REFERENCES

  1. Ivey, D. and Zeeger, C. (2004). TRB State of the Art Report 9 Utilities and Roadside Safety: Strategies. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council.
  2. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Strategic Highway Safety Plan. http://safety.transportation.org/htmlguides/default.asp. (Accessed November 18, 2014).
  3. Mok, J-H. Landphair, H.C., and Naderi, J.R., Landscape Improvement Impacts on Roadside Safety in Texas, Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 78, 2006, pp. 263-274.
  4. Ross, A., Road Safety Audit for Road Projects: An Operational Tool Kit, Asian Development Bank, June 2003.
  5. Nabors, D., Moriarty, K., and Gross, F., Road Safety Audit Toolkit for Federal Land Management Agencies and Tribal Governments, FHWA Report No. FLH-10-0011, Federal Highway Administration, September 2010.
  6. Conron, C.E., Silvestri, C., and Ray, M.H., A Policy Recommendation for the Reduction of Tree Crashes, Worchester Polytechnic Institute, Transportation Research Forum Conference Proceedings, 2009.
  7. Wolf, K.L. and Bratton, N., Urban Trees and Traffic Safety, International Society of Arboriculture, 2006, pp. 170-179.
  8. City on Track to Eliminate Sidewalk Backlog, Lincoln Journal Star, (30 October 2014).

Additional community green infrastructure support orgs: GRANT DISBURSMENTS FOR ERIE COUNTY FOR TREE INFRASTRUCTURE:

These are organizations that have added to the positive impact in our communities for trees for their health benefits, climate issues, and beauty: TreeVitalize, ECGRA, Erie Community Foundation.

---

Diane Christin Zenchenko-Esser, www.iamaplanetkid.org, www.addressearth.com

Member Pennsylvania Association of Environmental Educators, founder Plant it Forward Community Tree Planting Initiative - Making a Change for Climate Change


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